Potential Terms for Alternative Searches

Remember, consider British spellings (anesthesia vs. anaesthesia)

General Terms

alternatives

animal testing

assay

culture

method

model

organ

replace

replacement

surrogate

simulation

system

technique

tissue

virtual

vitro ("in" is often a stop word which will be stripped from the search)

 Refinement

analgesia

anesthesia

cage

caging

euthanasia

housing

humane

husbandry

non-invasive

welfare

 Enrichment

behavioral

environmental

handling

restraint

distress

(non-)invasive

pain

postoperative

postsurgery

stress

anesthesia

anesthetic

analgesia

analgesic

anxiolytic

hypnotic

sedative

Reduction

analysis

model

reduce

reduction

experimental design

Replacement

artificial intelligence

computer possibly combined with:

aided/assisted instruction/learning

image

imaging

interactive

model (modeling)

prediction

simulation

teaching

expert system

software

virtual

 Other Terms

assay

biopsy

cell or cellular

culture

method

model

organ or organelle

technique

tissue

vitro ("in" is often a stop word which will be stripped from the search)

 

 

Objective

For every protocol submitted where the animals to be used are protected under the Animal Welfare Act, or the protocol is a Pain Level D or E, it must be demonstrated that the PI considered alternatives to any procedure that may cause more than momentary pain or distress to the animals, and the PI provide a written narrative of the methods used and sources consulted to determine the availability of alternatives, including refinements, reductions, and replacements (The 3Rs). One way to do this is to conduct a literature search. (This is requested in Section VI of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Animal Protocol Review Form).